Abstract: Idiopathic macular holes (IMH) are the most common causes of central vision loss, with vitrectomy combined with intraretinal membrane detachment being the standard surgical approach. While postoperative closure rates remain high, visual function recovery varies significantly among patients due to multiple factors. Traditional methods involved optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of the hole's minimum diameter, height-to-base diameter ratio, and the integrity of the outer membrane and the elliptical beltand other parameters to predict postoperative vision recovery. Emerging techniques now incorporate preoperative assessments using micro-optometry and multifocal retinal electroretinography (mfERG) to measure average retinal sensitivity and central foveal amplitude values. Postoperative evaluations through fundus autofluorescence and adaptive optical laser scanning (AOLS) for detecting spontaneous fluorescence at the hole site and measuring cone cell density provide crucial clinical insights into visual recovery. The visual recovery process following IMH is influenced by multiple interacting factors, with accurate preoperative assessment of hole characteristics and long-term follow-up being key to evaluation the prognosis outcomes.

Key words: Macular hole/ idiopathic, Postoperative visual acuity, Affective factor